FruityWiFi + RPi-Zero-W + Ethernet Gadget

Raspberry Pi Zero W
www.raspberrypi.org/magpi/pi-zero-w/

Raspbian Jessie Lite
Version:March 2017
Release date:2017-03-02
downloads.raspberrypi.org/raspbian_lite_latest

Ethernet Gadget
learn.adafruit.com/turning-your-raspberry-pi-zero-into-a-usb-gadget/ethernet-gadget

CDC Ethernet (USB Armory)
github.com/inversepath/usbarmory/wiki/Host-communication

Stopping SD Card Corruption on Raspberry Pi’s Raspbian
ideaheap.com/2013/07/stopping-sd-card-corruption-on-a-raspberry-pi/

Install FruityWiFi
github.com/xtr4nge/FruityWifi/wiki/Install


[ Ethernet Gadget ]
These steps are not required, but is handy to have access to the RPi-Zero using this method.

=> Edit config.txt & cmdline.txt

After burning the SD card, do not eject it from your computer. Use a text editor to open up the config.txt (boot) file that is in the SD card.
Go to the bottom and add dtoverlay=dwc2as the last line:

..
# Additional overlays and parameters are documented /boot/overlays/README

# Enable audio (loads snd_bcm2835)
dtparam=audio=on

dtoverlay=dwc2

Save the config.txt file as plain text. Open up cmdline.txt and after rootwait (the last word on the first line) add a space and then modules-load=dwc2,g_ether

dwc_otg.lpm_enable=0 console=serial0,115200 console=tty1 root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rootfstype=ext4 elevator=deadline fsck.repair=yes rootwait modules-load=dwc2,g_ether

=> Boot your RPi-Zero-W


[ RPi Setup ]

=> Setting Static IP

Edit /etc/network/interfaces

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

iface eth0 inet manual

#allow-hotplug wlan0
#iface wlan0 inet manual
#    wpa-conf /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf

#allow-hotplug wlan1
#iface wlan1 inet manual
#    wpa-conf /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf

allow-hotplug usb0
iface usb0 inet static
   address 10.0.0.1
   netmask 255.255.255.0
   gateway 10.0.0.2
   dns-nameserver 8.8.8.8
   dns-nameserver 8.8.4.4


Note: I removed (commented) the setup for wlan0 and wlan1, and I added a static setup for usb0 (Ethernet Gadget)


=> Reducing SD Card Corruption

I like to reduce writing on the SD card (logs, run). The following two lines should be added to /etc/fstab:

none        /var/run        tmpfs   size=1M,noatime         00
none        /var/log        tmpfs   size=10M,noatime        00

Change the values to whatever is better for you.

Changing the /var/log folder to none, could give you some headaches, as some programas and scripts will not find their logs folder, but you can solve it like this:

Edit /etc/rc.local

# ADD CODE BEFORE exit0

killall dnsmasq
sleep 1

/etc/init.d/ssh restart
sleep 1

# SET LOG FOLDERS
mkdir /var/log/apt
mkdir /var/log/fsck
mkdir /var/log/nginx
mkdir /var/log/ntpstats
mkdir /var/log/samba

exit 0

Note: I added some lines to create sub-folderts in /var/log but also to kill dnsmasq and to restart ssh. You should take notes of your /var/log structure before to add this code, and amend it as needed.


[ Linux Host <=> USB Ethernet <=> RPi ]

- Connect the RPi-Zero to your Linux Host using USB (not the power!).
- The Linux Host creates a new interface named usb0.
- Assign the IP 10.0.0.2 to usb0 (Linux Host)
ifconfig usb0 10.0.0.2
- Enable forwarding and outgoing connections
# enable masquerading for outgoing connections
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.0.0.1/32 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE

# enable IP forwarding
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
Note: -o needs to be the interface providing internet access (eth0/wlan0/or_whatever..)


- You can now access the RPi-Zero
ssh pi@10.0.0.1


[ FruityWiFi ]
The previous part of the tutorial, it was to setup the RPi. (Not related at all with FruityWiFi)
Lets install FruityWiFi in the RPi-Zero-W, this is very easy! (Of course you need to have internet access on your RPi first)


=> Install FruityWiFi

# AS ROOT!
wget https://github.com/xtr4nge/FruityWifi/archive/master.zip
unzip master.zip
cd FruityWifi-master
./install-FruityWiFi.sh

Done.

Go to http://localhost:8000 (for http)
Go to https://localhost:8443 (for https)

user: admin
pass: admin


=> Install Modules

You need to install 3 modules from FruityWiFi/menu/modules
- API
- AP
- Automaton


=> Setup Automaton Module

The last thing to do to get FruityWiFi [AP] running as soon as you Boot Up your RPi is to setup Automaton.

Template: ap-start.conf
SET /config/core/ap_mode/1
SET /config/core/io_in_iface/wlan0
SET /config/core/io_in_ip/192.168.0.1
SET /config/core/io_out_iface/usb0
SET /config/core/hostapd_secure/0
SET /config/core/hostapd_ssid/WiFi
SET /config/core/dnsmasq_domain/WiFi
SLEEP 1
START ap

Template: ap-start-secure.conf (does not exists, you need to create this template)
SET /config/core/ap_mode/1
SET /config/core/io_in_iface/wlan0
SET /config/core/io_in_ip/192.168.0.1
SET /config/core/io_out_iface/usb0
SET /config/core/hostapd_secure/1
SET /config/core/hostapd_ssid/WiFi
SET /config/core/dnsmasq_domain/WiFi
SET /config/core/hostapd_wpa_passphrase/SuperPassword
SLEEP 1
START ap

In the Options tab you need to change OnBoot option to the one that you want to use: ap-start.conf or ap-start-secure.conf and then enable (start) OnBoot

Note: Be sure that you are not using the same IP for usb0 and wlan0 on the RPi-Zero


Thats it, you can now use FruityWiFi on your RPi-Zero-W using the inbuilt wireless card.

Note: Not all the modules will work with the inbuilt wireless card. You need to use a second card such as Ralink RT5370 for more advanced features and modules.


There are a few things that I will explain in another tutorial, or as an extension of this one:
- FruityWiFi logs can be configured to to point to /var/log reducing writing on the SD card.
- How to add and configure a second wireless card such as Ralink RT5370